TL;DR
- Pre-match nutrition for tennis depends on timing relative to match start and match length expectations. Different windows call for different foods: 3-4 hours before (substantial meal), 1-2 hours before (lighter meal), 30-60 minutes before (snack), or immediately before (caffeine + hydration).
- The substantial pre-match meal (3-4 hours before): 50-80g carbs + 25-40g protein + modest fat. Examples: oatmeal + fruit + eggs/whey shake; chicken + rice + vegetables; pasta with lean protein and tomato sauce.
- Pre-match caffeine: 3-6mg/kg body weight (200-400mg for most adults), 30-60 minutes before match. Research-supported for tennis-specific performance. Test in practice before tournament use.
- Tournament back-to-back matches: focus shifts to between-match fueling rather than separate pre-match meal. Easily-digestible carbs and modest protein in the 30-60 minute window before each subsequent match.
- Skip: heavy fats and fiber close to match start, large meals less than 2 hours before play, sugary energy drinks as primary pre-match fuel, untested foods or supplements before important matches, alcohol the night before competitive matches.
"Pre-match nutrition tennis" is a search where the practical complexity often confuses recreational players, USTA league competitors, college players, juniors, and tournament players alike. The honest framework: pre-match nutrition for tennis depends on how long before the match you're eating and how long the match is expected to last. An 8am tournament match requires different pre-match fueling than a 4pm match. A best-of-three in mild weather requires different fueling than a best-of-five in heat. Tournament play with multiple matches per day requires a different framework than single-match recreational play. The foundation principles — substantial whole-food meal 3-4 hours before, lighter meal or substantial snack 1-2 hours before, easy-to-digest snack 30-60 minutes before, modest caffeine and hydration immediately before — apply across all contexts. The execution varies based on timing realities. Heavy fats and fiber close to match start cause GI distress; large meals less than 2 hours before compromise early-match performance; sugary energy drinks as primary fuel produce blood sugar spike-and-crash patterns; untested foods or supplements before important matches risk unexpected reactions. The successful framework prioritizes practiced familiar foods, appropriate timing, adequate carbs and modest protein, aggressive hydration, and modest caffeine. This guide covers the timing-window framework, specific food recommendations for each window, match-day vs practice nutrition, tournament play with back-to-back matches, heat-day adjustments, pre-match caffeine timing, carb loading for major tournaments, junior and older player considerations, and what to skip in pre-match marketing.
The timing-window framework
Pre-match nutrition timing dictates food choice. Four practical windows:
Window 1: 3-4 hours before match (substantial meal window)
The "main fuel" meal. Allows full digestion before match. Can include moderate fat and modest fiber without GI distress. Substantial carb amounts (50-80g) digest before play begins.
Window 2: 1-2 hours before match (lighter meal/substantial snack window)
Need easier-to-digest options. Lower fat, lower fiber, modest portion. 30-50g carbs typical, modest protein.
Window 3: 30-60 minutes before match (snack window)
Easy-to-digest carbs only. 25-35g carbs, minimal fat and fiber. Avoids GI distress at match start.
Window 4: Immediately before match (5-15 minutes)
Caffeine, hydration, optional small carb (banana, dates, sports drink). 15-25g carbs maximum.
The decision tree: How long before the match are you eating? Let timing dictate the food choice rather than forcing one approach across all timing scenarios. For broader pre-workout carb framework, see our best carbs before workout guide.
3-4 hours before match (substantial meal)
Oatmeal with fruit and protein
~60g carbs · 30g protein · sustained energyClassic substantial pre-match meal: 1 cup cooked oats (~30g carbs), 1 banana (~27g carbs), 1 scoop whey protein isolate or 2-3 eggs, modest peanut butter. Total: ~60-70g carbs, 30g protein, modest fat.
The combination provides sustained carbohydrate energy plus protein for muscle preservation. Oats' fiber and slow digestion produce stable blood sugar. Excellent 3-4 hour pre-match option for any match length.
Rice with chicken and vegetables
~60g carbs · 35g protein · classic athlete meal1 cup white or brown rice (~45g carbs), 4-5oz chicken breast (~30g protein), vegetables. Total: ~50-60g carbs, 30-35g protein, modest fat.
The classic athlete pre-event meal. Reliable, well-tolerated, balanced. Works for matches of any length. White rice digests slightly faster than brown if timing is on the shorter end of 3-4 hour window.
Pasta with lean protein and tomato sauce
~70g carbs · 30g protein · classic carb load1.5 cups cooked whole-wheat or regular pasta (~60g carbs), 4oz chicken or lean ground beef (~25-30g protein), tomato-based sauce. Total: ~70g carbs, 25-30g protein.
Familiar pre-event meal for endurance athletes adapted for tennis. Tomato sauce is gentle on digestion. Particularly good 3-4 hours before long matches or tournament back-to-back match days.
Sweet potato with eggs and avocado
~40g carbs · 25g protein · sustained energy1 large sweet potato (~30g carbs), 3 large eggs (~18g protein, 15g fat), modest avocado. Total: ~40g carbs, 25g protein, ~25g fat.
Substantial fat content makes this best at the longer end of 3-4 hour window. Sweet potato provides quality complex carbs with vitamin A and potassium. Combine with whey shake to boost protein if needed.
Burrito bowl with rice, beans, chicken
~70g carbs · 40g protein · balanced meal1 cup rice (~45g carbs), 1/2 cup black beans (~22g carbs, 8g protein), 4oz grilled chicken (~30g protein), salsa, vegetables. Total: ~70g carbs, 40g protein.
Practical sit-down or takeout pre-match option. Beans add fiber — best at full 3-4 hour timing. Avoid heavy guacamole or sour cream which add fat that slows digestion.
1-2 hours before match (lighter meal)
Smaller oatmeal with fruit
~40g carbs · 15g protein · sustained energy1/2 cup cooked oats (~15g carbs), 1 banana (~27g carbs), 1 scoop whey or modest Greek yogurt. Total: ~40g carbs, 15-20g protein.
Smaller version of the 3-4 hour oatmeal meal. Less fiber and lower portion size make it work for shorter pre-match window. Sustained energy without overload.
Greek yogurt parfait
~45g carbs · 20g protein · protein-forward1 cup nonfat Greek yogurt (~15g carbs, 17g protein), 1/4 cup granola (~15g carbs), 1/2 cup berries (~10g carbs), 1 tbsp honey (~17g carbs). Total: ~45-50g carbs, 17-20g protein.
Protein-forward option for players wanting muscle support pre-match. Greek yogurt's slow-digesting casein provides sustained amino acid availability through the match.
Turkey/chicken sandwich
~40g carbs · 25g protein · portable2 slices whole-grain bread (~30g carbs), 4oz turkey or chicken (~25g protein), modest mustard, lettuce, tomato. Total: ~30-40g carbs, 25g protein, modest fat.
Convenient sit-down or portable option for tournament days. Avoid heavy mayo or cheese (excessive fat slows digestion). Easily-digestible balance of carbs and protein.
Toast with peanut butter and banana
~50g carbs · 12g protein · simple option2 slices whole-grain toast (~30g carbs), 1 tbsp peanut butter (~4g protein, 8g fat), 1 banana (~27g carbs). Total: ~55g carbs, 8-12g protein.
Simple, reliable. Modest fat from peanut butter slows digestion somewhat — best at full 1-2 hour timing. Add Greek yogurt or whey shake for additional protein.
30-60 minutes before match (snack window)
Banana with peanut butter
~35g carbs · 7g protein · gold standard1 medium banana (~27g carbs), 1 tbsp peanut butter (~4g protein). Total: ~30g carbs, 4g protein, ~10g fat.
The classic pre-match snack. Banana provides quick-digesting carbs and potassium; modest peanut butter adds protein and fat without slowing digestion problematically. Well-tolerated by most players.
Dates and almonds
~30g carbs · 5g protein · concentrated energy3-4 Medjool dates (~50-65g carbs total) with small handful of almonds (~10g almonds = 6g protein, 9g fat). Adjust dates based on size and goals.
Concentrated, easy-to-digest carb source. Dates' high natural sugar provides quick energy. Modest almonds add protein. Excellent travel-friendly option for tournament play.
Energy bar (quality)
~30g carbs · 8g protein · convenientQuality energy bars (Larabar, RX Bar, KIND, similar with simple ingredient lists) provide ~25-35g carbs and 5-10g protein. Choose bars with whole-food ingredients.
Convenient when meal prep isn't possible. Read ingredients; many "fitness" bars are heavily processed. Whole-food bars (dates, nuts, dried fruit base) typically tolerate better than highly-processed alternatives.
Rice cakes with honey or jam
~30g carbs · minimal protein/fat · fast digestion2 rice cakes (~14g carbs) with 1-2 tbsp honey or fruit jam (~17-25g carbs). Total: ~30g carbs, minimal fat and protein.
Very fast-digesting option. Rice cakes' simple carbs plus honey's quick sugars produce rapid energy availability. Good for players wanting carbs without protein/fat that might slow digestion.
Immediately before match (5-15 minutes)
Coffee or modest caffeine
100-300mg caffeine · 30-60 min beforeCaffeine has substantial research support for tennis-specific performance. Most players benefit from modest pre-match caffeine.
Sports drink mix
~15-25g carbs · 8-12ozStandard sports drinks or quality electrolyte mixes provide quick-absorbing simple sugars plus electrolytes. ~15-25g carbs per 8-12oz serving. Liquid form digests fastest.
XWERKS Motion mixed in a bottle provides 25g Cluster Dextrin (low-osmolality sustained-release carb) plus sodium, magnesium, potassium. Mix and start sipping 15-30 minutes before match; continue during play.
Single banana or dates
~25-30g carbs · simple optionOne medium banana or 1-2 dates provide quick-digesting carbs immediately pre-match. Easy to eat in the 5-15 minute window before walking on court. Well-tolerated by most players.
Tournament play and back-to-back matches
Tournament players often face 2-3 matches per day. The pre-match nutrition framework adjusts:
First match of day: Standard pre-match framework. Substantial breakfast 3 hours before; lighter snack 30-60 minutes before; caffeine and hydration immediately pre-match.
Between same-day matches (2-4 hour gap):
The recovery + pre-match framework merges. Within 30 minutes of finishing first match: aggressive rehydration, modest carbs and protein. 1-2 hours after first match (= 1-2 hours before next match): lighter meal or substantial snack. 30-60 minutes before next match: easily-digestible snack. Comprehensive between-match framework in our recovery supplements for tennis guide.
Critical between-match practices:
• Don't skip recovery nutrition between matches
• Don't eat heavy meals less than 90 minutes before next match
• Continue aggressive hydration throughout
• Maintain modest caffeine if you used it pre-first-match (don't compound)
• Cool down between matches in heat (shade, ice towels)
Last match of tournament day:
Standard pre-match snack 30-60 minutes before; lighter than first-match-of-day intake (you've been fueling throughout). Save substantial protein-carb intake for after the day's final match (recovery framework).
Multi-day tournaments:
The previous day's recovery (covered in our recovery supplements for tennis guide) sets up next-day pre-match performance. Aggressive evening protein and carbs + sleep optimization + foundation supplements make next-day pre-match nutrition execution easier.
Heat-day adjustments
Pre-cooling and aggressive hydration
Hot weather demands extra preparationFlorida summer tennis, Arizona heat, Texas humidity, southern California courts — hot weather demands aggressive adjustments. Even mild dehydration of 1-2% body mass measurably impairs cognitive performance and motor coordination — the exact attributes tennis requires.
Pre-match hydration in heat (24+ hours before):
• Aggressive hydration the night before (24-32oz electrolyte drink with dinner)
• Salt-containing dinner the night before (helps retain fluids)
• Hydrate aggressively upon waking (16-24oz first hour)
• Continue regular fluid intake leading up to match
Pre-match meal in heat:
• Slightly lighter than mild-weather pre-match (heat suppresses appetite; don't force food)
• Lower fat content to support digestion in heat
• Adequate sodium content (salty foods support fluid retention)
• Continue electrolyte drinks rather than just water
Pre-match cooling (immediately before match):
• Cold water consumption
• Cooling vest if available
• Cold towel on neck/wrists
• Ice slushy if tolerated (research supports modest performance benefit in heat)
Sodium emphasis:
1000-1500mg sodium per hour of play in heat. Salt tablets, electrolyte mixes, salty snacks all contribute. Cramping is typically sodium-driven, and pre-match sodium adequacy reduces in-match cramping risk.
Pre-match hydration framework
Many players obsess over food choices while underexecuting hydration. The framework:
24 hours before match: Adequate fluid intake at evening meal. Aim for clear-to-pale-yellow urine before bed.
Morning of match: 16-24oz fluid upon waking. Continue regular intake through morning.
2-3 hours before match: 16-20oz fluid with pre-match meal. Electrolyte drink preferable to plain water for matches in heat.
1 hour before match: Continue modest fluid intake (8-12oz).
15-30 minutes before match: 8-12oz electrolyte drink or sports drink. Avoid drinking large amounts immediately before match (bathroom timing, GI sloshing).
Pre-match hydration check: Urine color before match indicates hydration status. Pale yellow = good. Dark yellow/orange = under-hydrated. Multiple bathroom stops = possibly over-hydrated.
XWERKS Motion provides electrolytes plus 25g Cluster Dextrin per serving — functions as both hydration and pre-match carb source. Mix into bottle for sustained intake from 30 minutes pre-match through play.
Caffeine timing for tennis
Caffeine has substantial research support for tennis-specific performance. Tennis-specific research documents improvements in service speed, reaction time, and groundstroke performance. The ISSN position stand on caffeine documents reliable benefits at 3-6mg/kg body weight.
Practical framework:
• 200-300mg caffeine 30-60 minutes before match (for most adults)
• Coffee, caffeine pills, or modest pre-workout doses work
• Test response in practice matches before tournament use
• Avoid heavy caffeine for matches over 2 hours expected duration (crash risk)
• For tournament play with multiple matches: moderate sustained caffeine across the day vs single heavy dose
Tournament caffeine strategy:
• Modest dose pre-first-match (200mg)
• Optional small additional dose (50-100mg) before subsequent matches if sleep won't be compromised
• Avoid caffeine after 1-2pm if next match is later than 4pm (sleep that night will affect day 2)
• Total daily caffeine intake during tournaments: 400-600mg max for most adults
Caveats:
• Heavy caffeine doses (400mg+) may compromise stroke precision and putting through stim jitters
• Older players: lower doses (100-200mg); cardiovascular concerns warrant caution
• Junior players: minimal caffeine; coffee modestly fine; avoid energy drinks and heavy stim products
• Drug-tested players (NCAA, professional): caffeine universally permitted; check specific tournament rules for exact limits
Carb loading for major tournaments
Carb loading — increasing dietary carb intake in the days before competition to maximize muscle glycogen — has research support for endurance events. For tennis, the application is selective:
When carb loading helps:
• Best-of-five Grand Slam or competitive matches
• Long tournament days (3-4 hours of total play expected)
• Multi-day tournament weeks where cumulative glycogen depletion is concern
• Hot weather tournaments (faster glycogen depletion)
When carb loading isn't worth the complexity:
• Short matches (under 2 hours)
• Recreational play
• USTA league matches under 90 minutes typical
• Single-match tournament days
The simplified framework:
• 48-72 hours before tournament: increase carb intake to 7-10g/kg body weight daily
• 70kg player: 490-700g carbs daily (substantial — beyond typical intake)
• Reduce intensity of training in the 48 hours before tournament
• Maintain adequate hydration (carb loading retains water in muscle)
• Don't try this for the first time before an important tournament — test in lower-stakes events
For most tennis players, focusing on solid daily nutrition (5-7g/kg carbs, 1.6-2.0g/kg protein) plus appropriate pre-match meal execution provides nearly all the practical benefit of formal carb loading without the complexity. See our how many carbs per day guide for daily intake context.
Practice vs match day nutrition
Practice nutrition framework
Less aggressive, more flexiblePractice sessions don't require the precise pre-match nutrition framework. Reasonable practice nutrition:
• Eat reasonable meal 2-4 hours before practice
• Consider modest snack 30-60 minutes before practice if hungry
• Hydrate adequately throughout day
• Modest pre-practice caffeine if accustomed
• Don't stress precise execution — practice is when you experiment and learn what works
Use practice for testing:
• Test pre-match foods you might use in tournaments
• Test caffeine doses and timing
• Test electrolyte products and during-match fueling
• Identify foods that cause GI issues for you specifically
• Refine your match-day routine
The principle: never try new foods, supplements, or fueling protocols before important matches. Test in practice first.
Junior player considerations
Real food, manageable volumes, parent involvement
Keep it simple and practicalJunior tennis players often face overwhelming pressure to optimize pre-match nutrition. The honest framework: basics matter more than precision:
• Real food meals: Whole-food breakfast/lunch 2-3 hours before matches
• Familiar foods: Stick with foods the junior player already eats well
• Adequate hydration: Often the most overlooked aspect
• Modest portions: Avoid overfeeding (junior players' stomachs are smaller)
• Easy-to-digest snacks: Banana, granola bar, energy bar 30-60 minutes before
• Parent-friendly logistics: Pack snacks and drinks; don't rely on tournament food vendors for pre-match meals
Avoid for juniors:
• Heavy caffeine (energy drinks, heavy pre-workouts)
• "Performance enhancement" supplements with banned ingredients
• Skipping breakfast before early-morning tournament matches
• Heavy fast food meals close to match start
• Sugary drinks as primary pre-match fuel
For competitive juniors facing drug testing in major tournaments: choose third-party tested products (NSF Certified for Sport, Informed Sport).
Older player considerations (40+)
Slightly more conservative, hormone-aware
Adjust caffeine, prioritize sleepOlder recreational and competitive tennis players (USTA 40+, 50+, 65+ leagues) face slightly different pre-match nutrition considerations:
• Modest caffeine doses: Cardiovascular concerns warrant lower doses (100-200mg vs 300-400mg for younger players)
• Earlier caffeine cutoff: Caffeine half-life lengthens with age; avoid late-day caffeine that compromises sleep
• Higher protein per meal: Anabolic resistance warrants 35-40g protein in pre-match meal vs 25-30g for younger players
• Slightly larger pre-match meal: Older players often benefit from substantial breakfast 3 hours before tournament matches
• Sleep prioritization: The night before match matters substantially; sleep optimization framework in our sleep hacking guide
• Hormonal context: Natural testosterone support relevant for older male players. See naturally raise testosterone and how to increase testosterone
• Joint warm-up: Pre-match warm-up matters more for older players than younger players; allow 20-30 minutes of warm-up time before competitive matches
What to skip in pre-match nutrition
• Heavy fats and fiber close to match start: Cause GI distress during high-intensity play. Save fatty foods (avocado, nuts, fatty meats) and fiber-heavy options (whole grains in large amounts, raw vegetables) for the 3-4 hour window.
• Large meals less than 2 hours before play: Stomach contents during the match cause discomfort, slow performance, and risk reflux during high-intensity efforts.
• Sugary energy drinks as primary pre-match fuel: The combination of high caffeine + high sugar typically produces blood sugar spike-and-crash patterns. Coffee + carbs + electrolytes separately works better.
• Untested foods or supplements before important matches: Never try new foods, supplements, or fueling protocols before competition. Test in practice first; tournament days aren't for experimentation.
• Alcohol the night before competitive matches: Even modest alcohol compromises sleep quality and recovery. Save celebratory drinks for after the match.
• Pre-workout megadosing pre-match: Heavy pre-workouts (300mg+ caffeine) crash 90-120 minutes after intake. Used pre-match, you'll fade in the second/third set.
• Skipping pre-match meal entirely: Some players try to play "fasted" thinking it's an advantage. For tennis matches over 60 minutes, this typically compromises performance substantially.
• Heavy protein dose immediately pre-match (50g+): Slows digestion and can cause GI issues during play. Modest protein (15-25g) pre-match is fine; mass-gainer style 50g+ shakes immediately before play compromise both digestion and intensity.
• Tournament food vendor reliance: Many tournament venues don't have appropriate pre-match food options. Pack your own pre-match meals and snacks.
• Excessive pre-match hydration: Drinking 30+ ounces immediately pre-match causes GI sloshing and bathroom timing issues. Drink steadily throughout the day rather than chugging immediately pre-match.
Common questions about pre-match nutrition
"What's the best pre-match meal?"
Depends on timing. 3-4 hours before: substantial whole-food meal (oatmeal + fruit + protein, chicken + rice + vegetables, pasta with lean protein). 1-2 hours before: lighter meal (smaller version of above, sandwich, Greek yogurt parfait). 30-60 minutes before: snack (banana with peanut butter, energy bar, dates).
"Should I eat before an early-morning tournament match?"
Yes — even small early-morning intake helps. Banana + peanut butter + protein shake at 6am for 9am match; carb-focused snack right before tee-off; pack snacks for between-match. Skipping breakfast before tournament matches typically compromises performance.
"How much caffeine should I take before a match?"
200-300mg caffeine 30-60 minutes before match for most adults. The ISSN position stand supports 3-6mg/kg body weight. Test in practice first; adjust based on individual response. Heavy doses (400mg+) risk compromising stroke precision through jitters.
"What about tournament breakfast at 6am for a 7am match?"
Quick options: banana + peanut butter + protein shake at 5:30am; carb-focused snack right before match. Increase mid-match fueling intensity to compensate for lighter pre-match intake.
"Should I eat differently for a long match?"
Yes — longer expected matches warrant more substantial pre-match meals (60-80g carbs vs 40-50g for shorter matches), more aggressive during-match fueling (45-60g carbs/hour vs 30-45g/hour), and more careful caffeine pacing.
"Can I take pre-workout before a match?"
Modest pre-workout doses can work; heavy pre-workout megadosing typically doesn't. The 60-90 minute peak effect curve doesn't align with 2-3 hour matches; beta-alanine flushing and acute jitters can compromise stroke precision. Coffee or moderate caffeine alone often works better than full pre-workout doses.
"What if I'm not hungry before a match?"
Pre-match nerves often suppress appetite. Easier-to-digest options (smoothies, sports drinks, modest snacks) work when full meals don't appeal. Don't force large meals if appetite is suppressed; modest fueling beats no fueling. Heat especially suppresses appetite.
"Do I need to carb-load for tournaments?"
For long matches (best-of-five) and multi-day tournaments: yes, modest carb loading (7-10g/kg daily for 48-72 hours pre-tournament) supports glycogen stores. For short matches and single-match tournament days: solid daily nutrition (5-7g/kg carbs) plus appropriate pre-match meal execution provides nearly all the practical benefit.
The Bottom Line
Pre-match nutrition for tennis depends on timing relative to match start and match length expectations. Different windows call for different foods.
3-4 hours before match (substantial meal): 50-80g carbs + 25-40g protein + modest fat. Examples: oatmeal + fruit + eggs/whey shake, rice + chicken + vegetables, pasta with lean protein and tomato sauce.
1-2 hours before match (lighter meal/substantial snack): 30-50g carbs + 15-25g protein. Examples: smaller oatmeal, Greek yogurt parfait, turkey sandwich, toast with peanut butter and banana.
30-60 minutes before match (snack window): 25-35g carbs with minimal fat/fiber. Examples: banana with peanut butter, dates and almonds, quality energy bar, rice cakes with honey.
Immediately before match (5-15 minutes): caffeine, hydration, optional small carb (banana, dates, sports drink). 15-25g carbs maximum.
Pre-match caffeine: 200-300mg (3-6mg/kg body weight) 30-60 minutes before match. Research-supported for tennis-specific performance. Test in practice before tournament use.
Tournament back-to-back matches: focus shifts to between-match fueling rather than separate pre-match meals. Easily-digestible carbs and modest protein in the 30-60 minute window before each subsequent match. Comprehensive between-match framework in our recovery supplements for tennis guide.
Heat-day adjustments: aggressive pre-match hydration (24+ hours before), slightly lighter pre-match meal, sodium emphasis, pre-cooling immediately before match.
Skip: heavy fats and fiber close to match start, large meals less than 2 hours before play, sugary energy drinks as primary pre-match fuel, untested foods or supplements before important matches, alcohol the night before competitive matches, pre-workout megadosing pre-match, skipping pre-match meal entirely.
The honest framework: match food choice to timing window; prioritize practiced familiar foods; adequate carbs and modest protein; aggressive hydration; modest caffeine. Boring, effective, and substantially better than chasing exotic pre-match supplement protocols.
Dig deeper: supplements for tennis players · recovery supplements for tennis · best carbs before workout · best carbs after workout · how many carbs per day · carbs vs protein for muscle building · glycemic index vs glycemic load · hack your sleep
Pre-Match and During-Match Fueling
For tennis players wanting research-backed pre-match and during-match fueling without GI distress: XWERKS Motion provides 25g Cluster Dextrin (highly-branched cyclic dextrin) per serving plus electrolytes. Low-osmolality carb source delivers sustained energy without spike-and-crash patterns. Mix into your bottle 30 minutes before match; continue sipping during play. The intra-match fuel and hydration solution that supports back-to-back matches.
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